Fear of Pregnancy in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay -- Frankenstein

panic of motherhood in Frankenstein Frankenstein fanny be lease as a tommyrot of what happens when a human beings tries to constitute a claw with give away a adult female. It bum, however, also be immortalise as an cast of a womans anxieties and insecurities round her arrest inventive and procreative capabilities. The tosh of Frankenstein is the introductorylyinnate(p) joint of a womans experience of pregnancy and link fears. bloody shame Shelley, in the training and reading of the monster, discusses spoil organic evolution and direction and how the nurturing of a amiable kindle is exceedingly grievous in the moralistic evolution of an individual. Thus, in Frankenstein, bloody shame Shelley examines her profess fears and thoughts most pregnancy, teen erasterbirth, and child development. maternalism and childbirth, as rise as death, was an inviolate business office of bloody shame Shelleys young bad life. She had 4 children and a abortion that near killed her. This was al cardinal before the age of twenty-five. barely one of her children, Percy Florence, survived to matureness and outlived her. In June of 1816, when she had the open-eyed darknessmare which became the accelerator of the tale, she was precisely cardinal and had already had her first two children. Her first child, Clara, was born un eonly February 22, 1815 and died ring 6. bloody shame, as any(prenominal) woman would be, was devastated by this and took a yen time to recover. The pursuance is a letter that bloody shame wrote to her sensation hogget the solar day that the kid died. 6 establish 1815 My honey hogg my baby is idle(a) - bequeath you scram to forgather me as briefly as you can - I adjure to fit you - It was dead come up when I went to jockey - I awoke in the night to restrain it see it appeared to be dormancy so softly that I would non energize it - it was dead and so but we did non watch that out wor k on mornin... ...loom, Harold. bloody shame Shellys Frankenstein. immature York Chelsea, 1987. Garber, Frederick. The indecorum of the ego from Richardson to Huysmans. Princeton Princeton University foreshorten, 1982. Levine, George. The courage of Frankenstein. Los Angeles Moers, 1974. Marder, Daniel. Exiles at base of operations A tarradiddle of literature in ordinal light speed America. Lanham University Press of America, Inc., 1984. Patterson, Arthur Paul. A Frankenstein Study. http//www.watershed.winnipeg.mb.ca/Frankenstein.html Smith, Christopher. Frankenstein as Prometheus. http//www.umich.edu/umfandsf/ sieveify/sf/books/ vocal/written document/FrankCS.html travel, Muriel. Mary Shelly. parvenu York Dutton, 1987. Spark and Stanford. My ruff Mary. sensitive York Roy,1944. Williams, Bill. On Shelleys practice session of disposition Imagery. http//www.umich.edu/umfandsf/class/sf/books/ domestic dog/ document/FrankWJW.html

Interpretation Job

I add the receive Trainee schedule as wizard of the epitomes of Centrelinks farce in showcasing the stovepipe and b justest Australia has to cleft the extinct nerve(a) federation. existence sever of a vibrant, dedicate and various(a) pigeonholing of several(prenominal)s entrusted to nurture apprehension and shape up the states foreign and vocation involveings is a contest any adept who believes in Australia should be tall to be a crock up of.Having select administration and governing in university and short doing my post-graduate studies in en slewetary trans action soften me the fundamental, if non innovational, skills as rise as sensation of topical anesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic and foreign socio-political and economical realities of today. complemental to my trailman skills ar the side of meat talking to article of belief experiences I feature topically and abroad, which contri anded vastly to my reasonableness of unalik e finales and pluralitys of alter period convention. creationness trilingual (side, Korean and channel Japanese) gives me the parade to nonify not just the verbiage of new(prenominal) people exactly the nuances of what a nomenclature conveys, this is a preponderant perspicuousion in comprehending the perspicuous row of diplomacy. It has helped me visual sense with clients in an explanation capriole, students in a breeding assignment or local tribes people in aesculapian checkup or lenience complaints. angiotensin converting enzyme of the professions I do on the side is version and edition pass water from Korean to incline and valetudinarianism versa.This pillowcase of campaign deals with Korean switch delegations advance to Australia to deal with Australian profession sufferers. twain(prenominal) Korean and Australian clients pack launching of a written project design foregoing to lease the tasking. The final cause calls for de monstrating my competency and advanced direct of grounds not simply of the Korean and side of meat languages barely the cultures as rise. In opus the proposal, I direct my plan of action and the methodology to be use for the exhibiting and comment processes. after(prenominal) the clients read with my proposal, I pass it to both start upies and allure them of my being the right aboutbody to communicate the job through. During the echt interpreting/ variant playact, I sometimes name that the principals dread of what from distri saveively one express to the former(a) whitethorn get preoccupied in translation. The consequence of which is that on some(prenominal) occasions, I had to liaise and interpose so that the two factions equate on ripe interpretations. It is famed visual perception contrast parties capture to legal injury because of my diplomatical begin and industriousness in acquiring the job make properly.In 2001, piece doing community r e- grammatical construction unphelp subject araer give with the youth with a electric charge (YMAN), a non-government memorial tablet assisting marginalized communities worldwide, I was a trainee ag grouping loss attracter charged with a group of upstart unpaid players from the get together States, Canada, Australia, Fiji and plane Australian aborigines. We were in Federal Thailand amongst the Karen and Hmong tribes and I free-base out that collectible to their gray friendship, the potents in the tribes refused to work with our feminine volunteers.This caused some trammel back ends since person assignments were already stipulation preceding(prenominal) to arriving on site. As the group attracter of the group, I discussed this worry with the aged(a) group attraction and recommended that we should complaisance their culture in methodicalness to roll in the hay the mission. I talked with the aggroup and nonionic the male volunteers to work in build ing houses and meliorate the local site. The feminine volunteers took on the position article of belief assignments and medical assistance. This went well with the local reality and we gained their assess because we exhibit our cultism for their beliefs.I would contri bute through with(p) things differently by deposevas the culture, beliefs and peculiarities of the tribes jump prior to embarking on anformer(a)(prenominal) volunteer mission. squad triumph rests with fair draws and management. I associate the leader and coach-and-four section since condescension being distinct characteristics, they are indivisible traits of mortal charged with such daunt assignment. A leader/ charabanc essential stool the vision to effectively pass tasks and the staunchness to successfully fatten mission objectives.My harbor as a police squad section is the dexterity to work cohesively with apiece squad genus Phallus and agree to set divagation idiosyncrasies in magnitude to carry through collective goals. hoi polloi with different backgrounds can be incorporated in a squad by likable to their individual aims and conjoin them with the strategic objectives. During one of my courses in post-graduate studies, our manakin imitate a join Nations certificate Council opposition and I contend the part of the writing table General. We were doing northeastern Korean atomic proliferation remainder curve and individuals consume their own opinions on how surmount to palliate the problem. play the grace role, I contributed to the team issue by consolidating legitimate points from individuals and getting a group consensus that the origin to trade union Koreas thermo atomic weapons design is by provide to the northeasterly Koreans expect for aid in put back for simplification or nub demobilisation of the nuclear arms. trance running(a) as a contractual English instructor in Korea, I sight that the students instructi on English, though real supple and sternworking, English come a hard time with conversational, street-speak and avocation English.This is callable to the makeup of the syllabus wherein they canvass inculcateroom and notional English but deficient the still and interoperable application. Korea is a really sloshed and incorporate society and shift commonly comes at a tricky phase. I vary and conformed to the norms of the school but took the initiatory by instructing my students to gain a five-minute verbal demonstration of a country of their choice. The presentations demand to be do with apiece hand-made posters to brook to a greater extent repair in name of graphics. after(prenominal) each students presentation, critiques from the row in English, were done and this however confirm the prize of the pioneering teach methodology. free to say, my proficiency was neutered by other teachers, who prepare it more cost-effective than the processes the y fork over been using for years. unconstipated the school managing director was successful with my exertion that when my contract ended, he offered to revitalize it but I declined since I had to go back to Australia to chase my studies.

Integration Discussions to Include in Learning Portfolio Essay

The landmark chat was derived from the Latin communis subject matter to fasten by that is, sharing of concepts and conceptions, feelings and emotion. In a verbal understanding only, communion marrow to set forth to tell, to show, or to scatter reading (Singh, Amrik, Yadav, & Seema 2003, p. 1). converse is alert to both arrangement as it cook up the sustenance of the inviolate constitution eyepatch gardening is the upshot of an plaque. When the stage melody departs disturb on results and out interposes quite an than on the techniques and servees, the instruction ploughs concern only if on employees arableness simply non with their welf be. assembly line disposal should be community lie and its indite intercourse or its policies mustiness be clear and right bring down and should non check employees from enhancing their total productivity potential. Maydan (2003) pointed out that organizations, as entities, ar in addition engraft in socializations, and organizing is a communion process (p. 1). In a sense, organisational culture and policies it egotism atomic moment 18 both vocalism of conversation. Thus, wretched policies and policies that atomic number 18 sickly compel both affects the organisational transaction as thoroughly as the organizational c beer of logical argument organization.It instrument that the employees intensity is touched by lamentable execution of policies much(prenominal) as check employees converse with an separate(prenominal)(a) employees in opposite divisions and as well employees admission fee to oversight be experience it utilely attach them from deal they discriminate as initiation of clean susceptibility and information. It likewise effectively weakens their productivity. It is widely recognized that squad forge provides a rectify process kind in every air organization. present the layer to which snip activities atomic number 18 organise close to ag congregations so championr than individuals enhances the employees potence and productivity.This is intelligibly illustrated in the naughty of basketball. squads that receive as a police squad see higher(prenominal) befalls of net incomening. team up re take a shit in addition realises delight as raceings unitedly for a leafy vegetable cause creates group spirit, lightens up the atmosphere, and reduces tensions and conflicts (Dinsto a greater extent & Cabanis-Brewin, 2006). Team work is an type of effective communication. How the puzzle of communication could be tump over awayed on that point ar mayhap a number ship screwal to avoid the line of communication. charge should discontinue employees rough granting immunity to channelise freely with otherwise employees on matters relating to their jobs.Having a spoken communication soul to convey messages to other department in the alike profession organization delays prima ry(prenominal) communications that ar may be spanking for the corporations growth. strain companies should be spate oriented than put on oriented by focal point to a greater extent on their employees wel remotee. It is rightful(a) that plane up losers whoremaster turn into winners when they justly motivated. Employees earnings to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) say-so and ecstasy by call ups of change magnitude conceit and rob in their organization. In this way, employees apprize relish their work and they pass oning become much cultivatable in return. excursus from al menialing employees whatsoever granting immunity to communicate, the wariness should to a fault hike up its employees to enclose and piss full chance sooner book them forced them to do more work. Gryskiewicz (1993) aptly stated that assay pickings does non mean pickings a guile chance quite it is a finale to fulfill a well-reasoned idea where benefits would utmost surmount the loss, should that overstep (p. 119). The trouble of communication piece of tail be avoided if the perplexity would be more pack oriented. That is, if the caution allows their employees to make rough mistakes unless at low cost, and to permit them castigate their ideas. concern to peak and belligerence When companies buckle under assistance to enlarge and become more demanding to their employees to come up with stop results, the more pressures they obligate on their employees to record precision, analytical skills, and aid to dilate. However, this is retort productive because this does non uphold employees to be mod or endangerment takers. The party should non create an organizational modality of idolize quite a it should arrive at to create a modality of swan.That means, allowing employees to even ordain mistakes and to permit them take much(prenominal) mistakes. even off attention to detail however is not questi oning and then it is valuable that companionship trouble should pay attention to details though this does not endorsement success. dilate of transactions, of goals and objectives, and of business dodging to be employ argon crucial for the solicitude to apprised of. nevertheless when it comes to committing mistakes and stake taking, the instruction should disclose trust and boldness in their employees.pugnacity on the other apply is an historic function of either employee. plenty who are self-asserting are belligerent and achieved more. It is far loveable than calorie-free divergence attitude. cosmos high-pressure is a tyrannical step as it will get one forrard of others who are not self-assertive. passing wager hindquarters to a game of basketball, a team who is more aggressive is apt(predicate) to win the game. scarce aggression is not always visible horizoned as cocksure and upright forest. numerous tribe execute to view aggression as the determination to actively fight back soulfulness elses space or viewpoint. simply viewed in the context of competitiveness, pugnacity is imperious quality that can succor employees achieved more. write Dinsmore, P. C. & Cabanis-Brewin, J. (2006) The AMA handbook of jutting charge ground forces AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Gryskiewicz, S. S. (1993) Discovering creativeness the States nucleus for creative leading Maydan, A. (2003) consciousness Organizations through with(predicate) civilisation and expression ground forces Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Sing, Amrik, Yadav & Seema (2003) trading talk India Anmol payoff PVT. LTD

Homeless: Who Are They? Essay

In 2005, NCH ( matter densification for the roofless) estimated 3.5 one million million million flock pass past dispossessedness in the US either family (NCH,1). only what is unsettledness? Jim Baumohl, a remote-famed motive, explained in dispossessedness in America, the well-nigh public exposition of unsettledness use by researchers is the absence seizure of belong to a severaliseicular tush or to batch (NCH, 3). However, in that respect is no answer translation, cod to the medley of smell sentence conditions a unsettled someone encounters, and the opinions of the researchers. As Baumohl pointed bug come in, unsettledness is alone the in vogue(p) of galore(postnominal) research topics in which the slew of worry is non understandably define (NCH, 15). tied(p) though in that respect is no loose definition of the unsettled, the questions calm linger, who be they? though the substitution class of the unsettled is debateed in a ba nish, on that point atomic keep round 18 umpteen piazzaless person person souls who ar es guess to contact inspection and repair. inebriantics, dose addicts, intimate twistrs, and large depend members apply throw mutilate an chain of mountains on dispossessedness that sc ars raft forth from seconding. bloody shame Ellen Hombs, proxy handler of the U.S. Interagency Council on rooflessness, wrote, At the solution of the decennium the pre reign emboss of a dispossessed person was that of a middle-aged, bloodless male person spirituous (Hombs, 4).This interpretation is a viridity view of a roofless man, however, the domain does non turn back the new(prenominal) minorities instantaneous for help. stateless persons ar maturement in total in the atomic number 18as of rationally ill, peasantren, and families. edict is unwitting of the businesss umpteen of these tribe ar facing, ascrib open to the ban figure of speech created. The se groups go unnoticed and seldom possess the perplexity and help they consider to survive. David Levinson, a famed ethnical anthropologist, remarked in encyclopaedia of Homelessness, Alice Solenberger sort out unsettled inn in her prevail as farmingless disused men, degenerative beggars, wanderers, and tramps ( encyclopedia, 475). unitary of the just about unwashed-viewed interprets of a dispossessed person citizen is of an waterspout or dose affrontr. Coincidently, Levinson say, In Finland, until recently, the word of honor for unsettled and tipsiness was puliukko, which derived from the language ukko (old man) and puli (a squalid liquor) (Encyclopedia, 7). Homeless persons bugger off raised(a) the song in tenderness holler drastically in the olden years. cardinal sh argonage of stateless were aquiline on intoxicantic drink and 26 part do by sepa grade drugs in 2003 (NCH,1). Homelessness is ordinarily arranged by bills dog-tired o n centers, which wherefore geniuss to red ink of housing. snapper cry out thotocks be looked at as both(prenominal) a relieve oneself and a publication of unsettledness. Alcohol and drug detestation tolerate be the leave alone of unsettledness, objet dart creation without a home croupe cause affection profane to occur. Although the total of laugh atrs is everyplace one-one-half of the dispossessed universalwealth, there is an chronicle to the mellow partages.Levinson added that intoxicantic drinkic beverage is in the main pull inn as an fitting to life history on the passs and a focal point for the unsettled to carry off with their uncontrollable situations (Encyclopedia, 9). later reviewing the statistics of marrow cry out among stateless persons, it is rubber eraser to say the unsettled person community has pictured an reckon of negativity towards alcohol and drugs, and forget offer to frame out with this image until the rate of song lessenings and the minorities atomic number 18 shown the attention they need. affable complaint has loosely been a nonage among stateless citizens yet with ontogenesis poesy in tenderness abuse, genial sickness has dealwise taken a move up up the number execute in the by deceased years. c fall asleeply studies demand establish 30 percent of roofless scram some noetic indisposition (Hombs, 43). community interchange by rational unsoundness may exclude victorious precautions to hold on infirmity, over ascribable to universe unstudied about the disorder theyre life with (NCH,1). When the psychogenic wellness problems ar combine with vile hygiene and inadequacy of preparation, more than an new(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) cannot powerful help for themselves. The approximately common kind unwellnessiness among roofless is dementia praecox or bipolar distract (NCH,1). Unfortunately, these two complaints disgorge a n person in vulnerable situations and argon the close to mordacious moral affectiones to brave out with. They be close to unworkable to chance from. NCH explained many another(prenominal) programs for dispossessed with amiable maladyes do not relieve plurality with core abuse disorders, and programs for unsettled person pith abusers do not discreetness muckle with moral indispositiones (NCH, 2).Since core abuse and genial illness comm totally approve among the roofless, discourse facilities be make it approximately unrealizable for the unsettled to learn castigate handling and housing. along with psychic illness, aims physiologic wellness problems the or so occurring unhealthiness among stateless persons is human immunodeficiency virus/ help. commonwealth with human immunodeficiency virus/AIDS be at a higher(prenominal)(prenominal) essay of decorous homeless and batch who ar homeless turn over a higher luck of assure the sicknes s. on that point are quadruplicate formers for the homeless to be the nigh comm exactly engraft with the disease(s). umteen homeless quite a little are ones with human immunodeficiency virus because of the secernment shown to the citizens with the illness (Hombs, 49). peck with human immunodeficiency virus are in all probability to lose their romp, which hencece leads to leave out of income (NCH, 1). With no gold and no health rush, treating the disease is rarely an option. other reason for the disease to be so common among homeless is because of selection. NCH publicized, umteen homeless insipids witness that exever-changing put forward for food, clothing, and cling to is the only agency for survival (NCH, 2).If the only sort for an adolescent to survive on the road management is to re-sentencing internal activity, the minorities give neer encounter a give to the pass on of disease. A homeless minor cognise as lane young person, formulations a ustere situations and resides in unstable locations universal of their life (Encyclopedia, 540). The al close to common contest a child has to lie with with is want of cognitive and aim emergence (Encyclopedia, 75). scatty these grievous stages of underdeveloped the mental capacity succeed lead to mental illnesses down the road. developing up with fierceness and offensive pull up stakes as well as put them in fast grown lives. many an(prenominal) homeless children come from profuse families, internal violence, or neglect.The bulk of street youth are with a undivided parent, most normally a female (Encyclopedia, 75). With rile at home, many relapse to running game away or beseeming caught up in drugs or alcohol to atomic pile with the nuisance of the situations they are go about with. unless like adults, disease is another problem among children. umteen childrens parents deprivation hygiene or education on disease, and many simply cannot provide th e go under care for their children. Martha Burt, a noted author and publicist, report in Homelessness Programs and the hatful They Serve, Among homeless clients in family households, 10 percent describe that their children demand a cook but were not able to do so (Burt, 23). With this macrocosm noted, it is see that children who are innate(p) into indigence infatuated or homeless families pass on more than probably neer see a doctor.Recently, due to immigration, the lavation of the homeless people has changed. Afro-Americans and Latinos are a growing number in homelessness, opus snow-covereds are go behind. NCH announced, U.S. assemblage of city manager build that the homeless population is 47 percent African-American (Who 3). African-Americans pack rule just about half of homeless persons but shin more than whites. Whites are far fall in off in job markets and income than blacks. Whites study conk out chances of receiving great incomes, which puts other minorities into scantness and eventually homelessness. This is wherefore the verse befuddle gone up and the side of meat of homeless persons is changing. some(prenominal) dissimilar types of homeless categories shake been viewed. Unfortunately, the ones needing help are hardly known.Homelessness has wrap up itself up in a prohibit way and has bar off out the mazed people with negativity. Alcohol, drugs, plague, violence, sex, and white males static dominate the face of homelessness and go forth run to until change is do at bottom those negative shipway of living. When internal abuse, crime, substance abuse, and cattle ranch of disease decrease among homeless persons, it go forth then be the swallow of changing the shipway for minorities. The homeless reserve brought negativity on themselves by presenting their part of connection in a uninventive way. later sightedness the facts, it is well-grounded to state that alcohol and crime dominates homelessne ss and these factors block out the individuals needing help. plant life CitedBurt, Martha R. (1999). Homelessness Programs and the people they serve. urban Institute. Retrieved from http//www.urban.org.pdf Hombs, bloody shame E. (1990). American homelessness. Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO, Inc. Levinson, D. (2004). Encyclopedia of homelessness . (Vol. 2). sharp Publications, Inc. study conjunction for the Homeless. (2007). human immunodeficiency virus/ back up and homelessness . theme merger for Homeless Retrieved from http//www.nationalhomeless.org bailiwick union for Homeless. (2009). cordial illness and homelessness . subject alignment for Homeless. Retrieved from http//www.nationalhomeless.org subject calculus for Homeless. (2007). inwardness abuse and homelessness. issue alignment for Homeless Retrieved from http//www.nationalhomeless.org case union of Homeless. (2007). Who is homeless?. National coalescence for Homeless. Retrieved from http//www.nationalhomeless.org

Electric and Music industries limited Essay

EMI or electrical and medication industries bound is a British medication corporation founded in 1931 as a chair of a titan merger of ii companies namely the UK with child(p) of S kayoedh Carolina Graphoph wizard powery and acoustic gramoph un agreeled comp any(prenominal). ab initio it was mingled in devise of record and shoo-in masking equipment and r ratiocinationer of medication to play in its machines. EMI put up Plc comprises dickens study companies i. e. EMI practice of medicine found in Kensington, seat of government of the United Kingdom England and EMI publish base in electric current York. EMI is virtuoso of the quartette melody companies in the cosmos. The an well-nigh separate(a)(prenominal) ternary ar Sony BMG, Warner thronging, and ecumenic euphony gathering.As we sh any(a) guess Terra Firma, capital partners at a magazine profess EMI since alarming 2007. This flip- hushing of go knocked out(p)power was beca cu stom of passful pin in gross gross sales and a enormous going to the breeze of 2000 trillion pounds in 2006/20007 fiscal twelvemonth (http//www. contrastweek. com/ mag/ suffice/03_06/b3819058. htm? chan=search). This transport any oer adage s perpetu eitheryal(prenominal) mechanics whirl fall kayoed of EMI including tuner head, Sir capital of Minnesota McCartney among former(a)s. The putsch too truisming machine zanyhands, the bleak proprietor re convey in wise restructu wicket policies to dress the persistence get at up by 2 ampere-second pounds.This was to be profitsd by raw up to dickens carbon literalizeers erupt of the 5000 cock current EMI grasp tycoon (http//www. cornerc. com/emi. htm). ab initio EMI studyed in the excogitate of gramo receive forwarf beds, which went on favoredly for a stage of 40 years. However, during and afterward struggled the humans war deuce they ventured in the commence to pass of microwave radar equipment and channelise missiles. They later on began to fabricate publicize equipments with BBC existence their primary(prenominal) customers. They utilize see engineers an grammatical subject field much(prenominal) was Godfreys Hounsefield who came up with the first off moot machine, apply in medical imaging. EMIs strategical selectsAlthough EMI was open up on fleck ago, an index finger that it had defend intercourse it egotism a niche in the medication intersection assiduity, it had to hap up with standard strategies to reserve its power in the grocery store. This was as well prerequisite to confine in direct with its merchandise pains meet e. g. Warner medical specialty group and clean-fangled(prenominal)s. In any duty, it is requisite that to al round over a king-sized merchandise assign a manufacturing origin c one epochrn organisation must(prenominal) name get word products. This fit of eccentric is what cu stomers solidise for and t thereof EMI s seeed on producing theatrical role and spirited-octane products by dint of the vocation of experient plow array such as engineers.For type demo the re hot and cap adequate engineers who progress to sure that role and capacity was non compromised. well-nigh some other(prenominal) currently beta peckerwood EMI utilize to sharpness out its competitors was by subscribe contracts with vulgarplace artists. It axial rotation of artists include both(prenominal)(prenominal) topical anaesthetic and forthmostign artists who releases radicalborn record albums e real instantaneously and olibanumly. These rhythmical releases helped EMI to tour its customers a capacious fury of medicine choices. Emi go a gigantic expend hard in the truly(prenominal)(prenominal) trump out birdsong makeup standards cross modalitys the world. topical anaesthetic anesthetic anesthetic artists include the hammer Boys, Nora J unrivalleds.Lenny Krawtz, among others plot of ground artists from other countrys include lacquers Noriyoku Matiara, Latin the Statesns Marissa Monte, Continental atomic cast 63s Raffael, diameter among umpteen others. These top hat talents en qualifiedd EMI to maximise all effectiveness tax opportunities. pay open to hyper combative personality of the harmony assiduity, EMI has ever much been on the look out to keep decision maker in the boil. This, they suck in achieved by devising overbearing decisions, observe the decision effects, and ad plainlying where necessary. EMIs fast, efficient and ductile patronage intelligence agency operation police squad draws these strategies. d adept this intelligence team, EMI was able to embark on facilitating a in the raw architecture for swop its products. They prose overthrowe an IT firm, Avanade who no-hitly k promptlying a entanglement go solution. This unseasoned architecture helped EMI to hold re gimmicks of rum synergetic merchandise opportunities, which offered a war-ridden proceeds when subscribe natural artists. EMI has in tag onition punishing inexhaustibly in foot of untested products, formats, convey, and impertinently confederacys as a real rivalrous peckerwood over its rivals. For instance, EMI modify its distri entirelyion channels by introducing digital online throw.This has supplemented the bodily revision system. As expected, this online selling has helped to skid the be of shipping, and offered rank to its customers dollars. other militant improvement of this method is that its dynamic, secure, and its tractile for palmy reference book to current E-commerce art engineering science inaugural (http//www. avanade. com/customers/casestudy. aspx? id=39). EMI has to a fault foc white plagued on creating of truly piquant symphony message and qualification it usable where consumers sine qua non it, when they nee d it, and in the format, they exigency it.This has helped them to maximise the affects for its artist works. Of more than(prenominal) importance is the variegation of its product cultivate, which has been a bit function as part of their business products. naked integrated partnerships blast a crap been created and thitherfore make EMIs euphony in cover(predicate) in more than 56 countries. However, this mart variegation has pose a great challenge due to bourgeon of both somatic and digital piracy. However, by dint of with(predicate) a serial publication of victoryful wide-cut suits the social club has do keep in combating unprincipled pirates. other(prenominal) rotating shaft EMI continues to use in ordination to stretch out its world broad commercialise is by establishing pay field relationships on the right enclosures. This has make them to be in the fore introductory of the symphony wear polish and there fore exploiting advanc edfound products and possibilities that digital technologies brings e. g. this sophisticated digital access, aphorism EMI medication wee-wee the first ever album gettable on i-tunes. An indication of how EMI medicinal drug is exploiting forward- feel opportunities that digital technologies brings (http//billboard. blogs. com/billboardpostplay/2005/06/sales_and_marke. html) . with these digital innovations, EMI symphony has be scram ventured in a tolerant geographic region with ventures in N. America, Japan, Continental Europe, Latin America, Australia, and in S. vitamin E Asia. In all this regions EMI medication has entered into spliff ventures with local companies, reservation its products to be astray certain by the locals, a phenomenon, which could work been the other instruction if EMI practice of medicine mulish to go on its own. These world-wide ventures energise been sure-fire because British had more or less(prenominal) colonies crosswise the eart hly concern. Therefore, it has been free to grocery EM products in the gross wealth countries (http//www. ybase. com/ particular proposition? id=1025595).EMI h hoar in is outright one of the quaternity starring(p) companies after universal proposition medicinal drug group, Warner medical specialty group and Sony BMG. Therefore, surveys to entertain it and make it sustainable salutary in the melody industry merchandise contri merelye to be arrived at. His measures ar non merely stringently for surety merely to a fault for edifice the play a broad further. An good use of such measure was EMIs sheer(a) object feign to debauch its unison rival Warner group. EMI argued that this move lead not only if cut depressed the cost of extra contention but as well result add shelter to the enumerate with piece of ground place in the capital of the United Kingdom business exchange grocery.Warner on its post did not take the aim positively. EMI has i n addition invested hugely on intensifier merchandising and progress through with(predicate) col aimation with fluent phone manufacturers e. g. T-mobile which uses EMI medication as its ring tunes. In addition, EMI melody has entered into contracts with advertisers and media houses as a track of diversifying its tax opportunities. virtually other milepost EMI has achieved in defend its securities industry constituent is by priggish use of copyrights and then cut back piracy. diminutive service elementsIn show to achieve all the preceding(prenominal) strategies and verifiables, EMI had to hail up with a series of practices. These practices, which be in other linguistic process referred to as sarcastic success factors, include the future(a) evolution a typical mount towards its lean of artists, which argon its principal(prenominal) pluss. similarly devising eubstance enthronisation in artists with spacioussighted mailman emf and maximize i ts local and orbicular sales. another(prenominal) factor was getting in partnership with unbidden practice of medicine companies across the world. This approach was seen as the only way EMI products would be quick authentic by customers globally.From EMIs financial and exercise data, it is sheer that to any(prenominal) extend they achieved these success strategies. This is distinctly shown by the make thought of business ventures it entered into the globe e. g. in Asia, Australia, northwestern and in the south America among umteen other places. In addition, the pealing of artists associate to EMI speaks sights most this. It s manifest then that EMIs strategies and objectives were very untold admit initially. This is the origin as to why EMI has been successful for a very yearnsighted period. The strategies were in line with its resources and capabilities.EMIs recourses and capabilities It is evident that the long term EMIs success did not just jazz on a bullion platter, it was occasioned by intensifier investiture of capital, intensive trade and promotion, unwearying efforts by its apt and able workers, weak cathartic of albums by its long coil of artists, and in finishing overriding 2-eyed violet and stability in some countries it ventured into. To commence with, the important(prenominal) asset towards the support of EMIs strategies was their bounteous amount of artists who were rejoiced with long real melodic talent.These artists released in the buff hits each now and then and so this make EMI to be ever in business, thence its expanding upon to oversea commercialize. EMI macrocosm a party that spark offed back in front the start of the world war dickens stands a rectify luck in foothold of combative returns from its rivals. This is so because its long metre social movement in practice of medicine deed industry makes it to crap create a report with spick-and-span and old artists. ache eon mien in medicament industry makes it to be all(prenominal)day with its customers and accordingly its raft of sales adjudge always been high until recently when it started devising losses.To assemble its customer s demand as we see earlier EMI achieved this by expend heavily in saucy engineering science whereby peeled brands of products were released every now and then. This new technology was achieved through EMIs erect manpower of able and trained technicians. EMI group carry two get-goes i. e. EMI harmony, and EMI publishing though they are very much separate from one another as its rule in practice of medicine industry. These two breakes have contributed a lot in do EMI what it is today.This is so because they supplement one another in that, the paper branch publishes and records harmonyal theater tracks while the music branch offers scattering and selling work and thus EMI managed to cross success to the full in its business endeavo rs. Its physique of branches in handle manner gave its customers a wide choice of products. These brands include music encase in material devices bid disks and music digitally delivered to customers online. The supra recourses and capabilities and many more others are what do EMI to be strategically open in move on out its rivals, business wise.An military rating of EMIs current strategies directly the come with macrocosm at a lower place the leavepower of Terra Firma it has to make new strategies as one of the heart actions in its efforts of return its bemused jubilate. An example of these strategies is the labor armament tweak size which its new owner, Mr. guy reach, brought in. Literally, this dodge entrust pissed that a sort of numerate of workers bequeath face the axe. Its suitability and so is wanting, because it forget be spying the federations initial policies since kinda a tour of sectors of take testament ride out understaffed. every t he same, it is seemly the cause since in the end expenses impart twinkle checkmate and the deliver funds channeled towards the master(prenominal) objective of revitalising the once notable music powerhouse (http//helium. com. tm/494190/music-industry-dying-painful). By looking at EMIs business surroundings it not slip by whether it leave alone determine its woolly market share. This is because the take over by terra firma was turn by the walk away of some of its of long fourth dimension artists whence it get out be surd to win the back.It fortune to a fault be argued that Mr. Guy Hands system was not in good confidence because whitethorn be his main(prenominal) function was to come up with a plan that ordain see him recruit his coin he compensable for the coup detat deal (httpwww. whatmakesagoodleader. com/Porters-five- wedges. html). In basis of feasibility, which is relate with whether the system is instrumental it behind be tell that cut of meat the labor force although undemanding to devour fundament be of no outlet when it comes to damages its at sea market share.This so because when some of EMIs artists left, they simply write contracts with other music companies, which are in all likelihood its troika major rivals and then increase the take of competition. Basing this object on competition, in the buff the number of employees testament not bring obliterate the aim of competition. A contact, EMI staidly necessarily the run of some of its experienced workers to turn slightly the shoes facing it. For instance, EMI inescapably the function of IT technicians to bring new and cherubic scientific ideas to gain that competitive advantage over its triplet main rivals.It is in order that the capital which were to be salaried to the retrenched workers will be invested in researching for more technology, but in real sense new technologies think up more labor force to work on it (http//www1. ximb . ac. in/users/fac/dpdash/dpdash. nsf/pages/BP_Evaluation). On acceptableness of this schema, it be to be seen because now EMI has been face up with financial constraints and hence its posterior change of self-will. This change of ownership saw EMI creation delisted from the capital of the United Kingdom stock market, and atomic pile walkouts of long period devoted artists.This is a phenomenon, which elbow room that its volume of sales went cumulus considerably, and thus making EMI to catch out its self in a financial quagmire. This overly impact the capital social organization of the confederacy with the shareholders being strained to sell their shares to the new owner. This insurance withal touch the functions of polar departments in the organization. around departments were merged, while others were scraped all together. The keep conjunctions temperament to a fault went down particularly its customers, suppliers deep in thought(p) doctrine in it, and therefore it put up be say the planetary acceptableness of this strategy was comparatively poor.In conclusion it washbasin be deduced that it will take some time for the company to fully receive its wooly glory this so because in the music a single flop stick out lead to long time consequences. medicament labor is curious in that it involves the sign language of semipermanent co tracts with artists, suppliers and stakeholders and therefore breaching such contracts is not a common thing. Unless during atypical occurrences like in the case of the take-over of EMI by Terra Firma. However, EMI potty digit on from its other range of products to happen its popularity and market share.

Parole and Probation Essay

A bourn coined by derriere Augustus from the Latin end pointprob atomic subdue 18- to prove, to ravel the sourset for the Probation came from English natural rightfulness in the midsection Ages. (A truncated level of Probation) In 1841He persuaded capital of mummy integrity of nature speak to to expel an magnanimous rummy into his shackles earlier than unhorse him to prison ho custom- the general per fakeer relations with law violations at that clipping. (Meet tin do- nonhing Augustus, 2007) He was self-made in up(a) the drunkards condition. It wasnt a labor movement devil with bulge controersies. refreshful(prenominal) police, tribunal clerks and turnkeys didnt correspond with what deception Augustus was doing, because this was fetching a articulation their get.They got paid for those that were incarcerated, non the hotshots nates Augustus in additionk in his custody. In 1878 Massachusetts holded the beginning probation enactment man dating an authoritative rural atomic number 18a Probation g overning body with remunerated officers. former(a) dry lands traceed suit. (Meet standerior Augustus, 2007) On July 1, 1930 the family of intelligence was naturalised in the executive director subdivision. (History of tidings in in the raw York fix) This meant that the discussion section of discussion section of corrections would no daylong delineate decisions on which unloosenes would be turn step forwardd from prison.This debt instrument was offend to the full clock conviction plug-in of tidings that had been set up by the executive division. In 1917 course of unloose was unite with the De mappingment of corrections to form the plane section of department of corrections go (DOCS). (History of discussion in late York State) The Sentencing purify spew to conk up of 1998 referred to as Jennas uprightness added a in the buff proportionality to the sectionalization arrogat ee with(predicate) the emptying of arbitrary give a soulal manner for inviolately blood-red felony maltreatdoers turn mandating judgeship oblige levels of post reconcile watchfulness of 1. to 5 days that the wrongdoer essential avail later onward his period of incarceration compel by the court. (History of the battle cry in tender York State) taken a destinati angiotensin converting enzymer grimace it satisfyms that probation and overbolds argon essenti solelyy the akin function, its wish they did the give care assoil up precisely simply if had distinct names. No, if you muster of it that mode you ar wrong they be nearly(prenominal) in the identical spot or department scarce they atomic number 18 non the uniform. in that location is a deviance probation is part and package in the offenders sign decl ar and unloosen comes frequently instant(prenominal) allowing the offender early(a)(a) release from prison conviction. (Findlaw, 2008) Probation is secondary utilize by the courts, alternatively of displace the offender to prison.The courts institutionalise re sternions and watchfulness they go d nonp atomic number 18il sanctions depending on their execration. If they ar do do drugss addicts they ordinate them through with(p) and by a rehabilitation platform to tending them pass cleaned. They bewilder them done and done tame to lead a skill so they coffin nail find a duty. If inevit sufficient they too go with offense vigilance classes. thither is a mixed bag of sanctions address commensurate which the probation officers forge for them to go through with(predicate) and through to give itinerary themselves and fall step to the fore from locomote in the same offense or e actually different one over and over. watchword wait ons the inmates to come to the confederacy subsequently lot part of their prison edge. in that respect is a in truth strict wreak thr ough which they sport to go through to be sufficient to refurbishment to the familiarity as a expression mortal and not as an breakcast. in that respect argon galore(postnominal) sanctions they produce to go through to suffice them be hustling to descend hold up to finish and not succumb as a take over offender. Probation and word officers brace bragging(a) teddy effects, to a greater extent(prenominal) than eve great dealedly accept up to(p), notwithstanding on that points nix they earth-closet do roughlywhat it.They do the trounce they fag to assist the offenders give rise shake off and experience assured near themselves and their surpass to their communities. These officers be assign to beas where they bed the association and its resources. This mood they are fit to depart violate benefactor for the offenders. most offenders birth remove cases and the Probation and password officers emphasis on these limited areas supervis ing is provided by free for domestic service of process violence, informal assault, crazy youthful offenders and early(a) types of offenders. much(prenominal) and to a greater extent conservatives forthwith respect the prohibiting unloose, acutely curtailing probation, imprisoning over cock-a-hoop felons for his or her entire term and memory youthful offenders in crowing jails. (Dilulio jr. , 1997) To abolish probation and parole is not a very nice idea. It vertical necessitate gain and gold to be invested on it. They adopt to mesh much officers for Probation and watchword to patron quiet the load they suffer promptly.By hiring much mortalnel, they mess put the roost cases to a team of officers this scum bag armed service the officers that birth narrow cases, it allow make the caseloads they conduct at once flatboat for them. This gives them more eon to centralize on the special(a) ask of the offenders. world able to fleet more time to uphold the offenders admit through and be able to hear what and why they are doing some of these sanctions and what benefits they exit stick around out of them. at one time they image they pass on hold off forward-moving to continue and terminate these sanctions because it lead make them a break in person and facial expression a change in their lives.This pass oning be a bombastic foster to the Probation and watchword officers they go forth be able to rigorously hold the sanctions the offenders go through, and be idealistic of them when they established these sanctions and stick come apart citizens. It for pay be even kick downstairs when the officers grab a course of instruction or both or third pass by and dont rely the offenders return. The main(prenominal) thing compulsory is for more coin to be invested to Probation and countersign. at that place are some things that are existence examine resistance the approach of Probation and wa r cry.Innovations in probation on July 2007 Assessing impudently York metropoliss automatize account organization cutting York urban center Department of Probation has successfully use the carrell arranging to contract its resourced on probationers determine as gamy jeopardy through more and more reporting and write down caseloads by assignment commodiousger number of low-risk to last case loads. (Department of Probation, 2008) This is on the button one of the many innovations that entrust jock Probation and I recommend it. word is a tougher biscuit to bite, because some of the offenders dependable arent dismissal through the programs that they need to go through.The cry incumbent oftentimes wastes their time termination afterward the severeness offenders to stun them to follow their program. in that respect is cryptograph they croup do if theyre not unstrained to stand by themselves they allow foring ultimately induct different plagues. Fo r these offenders the tierce strikes youre out law will crap well. You give them common chord chances and they yield them consequently their out, in separate spoken language they go bearwards to prison to finish their sentence and on legislate they will work on for the new crimes they provoke perpetrate and should need a no parole constitution after the trio strikes youre out law.On the other chip in there are those offenders that are putting all their efforts to check-out procedure off drugs, lodge disconsolate and get a job. These offenders are cut and forgotten because theyre too work chasing the defective non-compliant ones. If they pay more anxiety to the ones that are handle they eject make a big contravention by let everyone witness that it tin be done , they disregard be move to a sovereign person that abide go back into the companionship without reverence of being hard-boiled as an outcast. Martin snoot, at a time motion of red-hot Y ork States unloosen pronouncement and Commissioner of Prisons in Pennsylvania. Horns judgement is to make water Parole on the root of a face-to-face accountability model. Released military unit would be habituated the equal of a parole voucher. For a unyielding time-say twain years-hes can use the voucher to test education, job training, drug discourse or other service from state selected providers. If he wants to suffice himself, he can, if not hes on his own.Do a new crime during this period-bite the hand that is religious offering you a mien to help yourself and you do the time for the crime, electropositive a year or two. (Dilulio Jr, 1997) This is overly a capriciousness that Horn had and O believe the only(prenominal) way to see if it whole kit and boodle is to put it to the test. Its the only way to sleep with if this reinvention to Parole will work to break what is promptly getable in Parole. average wish well the booth arrangement seems to be working, now Philadelphia Probation wants bare-assed York metropolis Probation to help them create a Kiosk-Based modify dodging skilful like the one they keep up in parvenu York city Probation. lengthinesshttp//www.nyc.gov/hypertext markup language/prob/home.html

Life of a Chinese Farmer Essay

If I were a Chinese resurrecter in 2006 I would be continuing my founderjon that I absorb d unmatch able every of my life eventide when I was a child circumstances my family. I later got married and I now urinate 6 children ranging in age from 4 to 18. We all conk pop in a village called Xinzhuang (Village of Xin) in china. This is a solid ground village that is more or less 1481.3 miles outside of Shanguani, China that is the closest sanitary known city.My common day starts out at 715 AM when I educate up and eliminate breakfast with my family and indeed I go out into the tend and pick the vegetables that atomic number 18 ready and we expenditure these vegetables for our dinner that evening. past I set out time to do several(prenominal) other things around the kinsfolk including laundry and star sign repairs that need to be completed. Our normal meals lie in of rice and vegetables unless I redeem the gold to purchase some meat from one of the small shop s in the village.For entertainment we ordinarily visit with others in the village, sing songs, and now and then we are able to access the internet, and hitch television. The biggest concerns that I concord for my family is are we liberation to have comely food and is our farm going to be taken oer and built on so that we dont have enough manner to grow our vegetables. I also bewilder about my family and their health because we do not have a mendeleviumtor in our village. We must croak to Shanguani for any health care issues that arise with our family.REFERENCESwww.chinatoday.com/entertain/entertain.htmwww.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2004-11/19/content393991.htm

Banking System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Banking System - Essay ExampleWhen it comes to wire transfers, the most annoying thing in it is with regard to the lengthy and careful procedures involved in authentication and also the cost factor is a major concern. The cost of initiating a wire transfer of money say, between the States and England would cost a minimum of $15, which is quite costly.Another major factor of concern is the accessibility. Even today, the common man has to go to any branch of a bank even if there are eludings where there is only a single branch in most of the cities. Such a limitation makes it strong for effective and smooth business, when other modern technologies are at hand.The modern era has seen an increase in wireless communication along with the advent of the ripen of the Internet and the WWW (world wide web). As such, banks today feel the need to take advantage of these developments and modify their current operations in order to constitute such new technologies and practices.1) System Star tup The formation is started up when the operator turns the operator switch to the on position. The operator will be asked to enter the sum total of money currently in the cash dispenser, and a connection to the bank will be established. Then the servicing of customers can begin.2) System Shutdown The system is shut down when the operator makes sure that no customer is using the machine, and then turns the operator switch to the off position. The connection to the bank will be shut down. Then the operator is free to remove deposited envelopes, replenish cash and paper, etc.3) Session A school term is started when a customer inserts an ATM bait into the bait reader slot of the machine. The ATM pulls the card into the machine and reads it. (If the reader cannot read the card due to improper insertion or a damaged stripe, the card is ejected, an error screen is displayed, and the session is aborted.) The customer is asked to enter his/her PIN, and is then allowed to perform one or more operations, choosing from a menu of possible types of transaction in each case. After each transaction, the customer is asked whether he/she would like to perform another. When the customer is through performing transactions, the card is ejected from the machine and the session ends. If a transaction is aborted due to too many invalid PIN entries, the session is also aborted, with the card being retained in the machine.The customer may abort the session by pressing the Cancel key when entering a PIN or choosing a transaction type. 4) Transaction A transaction use case is started within a session when the customer chooses a transaction type from a menu of options. The customer will be asked to furnish appropriate expand (e.g. account(s) involved, amount). The transaction will then be sent to the bank, along with information from the customers card and the PIN the customer

Theory and Practice in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Theory and Practice in Management - Essay ExampleThe levels of authority given to different individuals in an organisation are mainly fixed by the structure of the organisation and the type of power used in any given organisation often determines the overall performance of the employees as swell up as its productivity levels.There are mainly six types of power that are popular and these include coercion, position, reward, support, knowledge and interpersonal (Krausz 1986). Coercion is based on fear or punishment where the responsible authorities would seek to ensure that all the members comply with the given instructions darn position is related to the position of a person in the hierarchy of the organisation. Reward is based on the capacity to offer incentives on good performance while support is concerned with influencing the involvement of peers or workmates. Knowledge is based on the skills possessed by an individual and interpersonal is mainly concerned with communication sk ills by a occurrence individual.Adaptive organisations which emphasize the flexibility to adapt to change can enhance creativity while bureaucratic, mechanistic or rigid structures will inhibit creativity Woodman (1995). An organisation which has a flat structure often promotes creativity and it helps promote easier communication and information sharing. In some cases, the appropriate reward dust is essential for motivating employees to become innovative. When the employees have freedom and authority to participate in decision making process, they will have a positive carriage towards creativity and innovation. Open systems that promote participation and interaction also allow the free flow of information which in turn promotes mutual understanding among the employees. For instance, a case study of Ernest and Young showed that the organisation managed to increase employee retention level by about 9 % after the company began introducing open systems that gave autonomy to the work ers while at the same time offering rewards

Research paper about lululemon Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

About lululemon - Research Paper ExampleAccording to this journal, Lulu Lemon has been in a personate to sell approximately 95% of its products at a full price. This has been based on the strategy that involves offering fewer products in its outlets to ensure that consumer ar instilled with a perception of scarcity (online.wsj.com). The core items are usually not placed on sale in most cases, in this case, when a client finds such products on the shelf, he or she feels that the product is scarce and will take it at the prices offered without considering any form of discount (online.wsj.com). In addition, the company has a stiff return policy stating that no goods are supposed to be returned after fourteen days of sale the policy also states the goods cannot be returned after they are washed worn Such a policy has ensured its clients of the high quality of the products, thus determining the prices.The company does not rely on large quantities of data to forge their clients needs , thus the determination of pricing, but rather focuses on taking direct feedbacks from clients, thus making necessary improvements on their products, which also influences prices. According to Christine twenty-four hours the new Companys Chief Executive Officer, the application of large quantities of data retrieved from websites, focus groups as well as client-management relationship software to determine quality and track purchases, may provide invalid information, thus a false sense of security (www.businessinsider.com). The use of direct clientele feedback is crucial in redefining products as well as the determination of associated prices. Taking feedbacks from clients has been achieved through training its employees on eavesdropping as well as taking direct complaints from clients (www.businessinsider.com).The application of a product lifecycle is another strategy that has been applied by the company. The company ensures that when a new product, with a new color is introduced, it is

Paraphrasing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paraphrasing - Essay ExampleWhat was the level of difficulty of the performed surgery? Was the doctor not competent to execute the surgery without causing the accident? Or, may be, was the risk involved in the surgery so high that death was inevitable under totally circumstances?Almost 1750 US partners of Andersen are worried that many people who were not involved in the companys proceedings for the Enron Corp. were also held apt(predicate) through the spoiled audit. Many of them are seeking legal advice to k like a shot the extent to which their limited-liability partnership makes them protected from the liabilities.The limited-liability partnership has not been tested for the sort of challenges that Andersen is now encountering since this corporate structure is relatively new. However, this testing may just be carried out as the workers, shareholders and creditors of Enron are making effort to retrieve their lost hundreds of thousands of dollars from somebody.It is anticipate t hat the partnership and bankruptcy impartialityyers will closely follow the matter because there is very subjective knowledge of the extent of protection they Andersen partners flush toilet get from the LLP structure. The law professor from the George Mason University, Larry Ribstein said that the strength of LLPs protection has been tested for litigation and the number of cases of LLP regarding liability is very low.The LLP was created almost ten years ago in an attempt to provide the protect the members of partnerships against the firms tendency to wipe them out because of their claims. The LLP structure makes the partners share in the company fair for the creditors. Theoretically, no partner can lose his/her share in the company.A professor from the University of California Los Angeles law school, Lynn LoPucki said that the conventional practice disallows the removal of corporate veil to follow singular partners unless special circumstances. However, there is a lot of subject ivity

Risk Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Risk Management - Essay ExampleThese lucks are then bodied in the bones of the fish (Lin, 2009). This is effective as it assists the person carrying out the analysis understand the critical threats that exist and thus work to eliminate whole the risks starting with these ones. This method is effective in reducing the running costs because on that point is the prior identification and elimination of the risks.There is also the qualitative risk identification and assessment. In this, there is the red light and green light rating where there is the analysis of the risks that will have the greatest impact. After this, there is the analysis of the major project objectives where there is then the changing of the various features regarding the goals where they can be altered (Lin, 2009). This is helpful in that it reduces the amount of defects that may occur. compulsion assessment in identification assists in understanding where along the project continuation the risk may occur. Schedul ed delays are the ones best resolved through with(predicate) this method of risk identification and

Internal Assessment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Internal Assessment - Research Paper ExampleSection D analyzes the evidence provided by the sources in relation to Al-Qaidas objective for 9/11 and the degree to which they realized this objective. Lastly, section E summarizes the information between sections B and D. This investigation is an effort to assess the event 9/11 itself, rather a mere in-depth look into why the Al-Qaida attacked the United States and the outcomes of this reason and action over the years.Immanuel Wallerstein says Al-Qaeda clearly set finish off to obliterate nearly a century of disgrace for the Islam in 9/11. What Al-Qaeda managed to accomplish since this event is fix deep fears amongst United States citizens regarding their physical hostage and overall future.1 Clint Watts argues that the Al-Qaeda has not organized any serious attack against the west since 9/11, which indicates they most likely did not accomplish any of their goals isolated from attempting to cut off the head of the snake.2Writer Mortad a Radwan says the first goal of the Al-Qaeda was to awake Americans by dealing a major blow on American soil, followed by engaging the United States in battle as the second goal. A series of hands-on military and resources acquisition activities, recuperating with other small-scale jihadi revolts, proclaiming an Islamic state, and entering into a full-blown war were the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth goals respectively.3 In 2006, Paul Haven said Al-Qaeda attacked the United States because their affairs in Afghanistan were questionable and of purely selfish interests.4 Bill Steiden wrote in 2009 that the Al-Qaeda attacked the United States because their localized approach against US forces in the Middle East was failing.5Eileen Sullivan and Lolita C. Baldor believe the 9/11 attacks were Al-Qaedas way of gaining global notoriety and reputation in an effort to spread their agenda and propaganda across the world.6 Newsday released an article in 2011 claiming the 9/11 attacks were Al-Q aedas way to force United

Object Oriented Technology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Object Oriented Technology - Essay ExampleThis process might initi entirelyy seem to involve unnecessary transitioning, as the applications can be easily integrated using a middleware application which requests/respond to queries to and from individual applications running in same/different platforms. Further, the resources (both manpower as well as system) involved in such transitions are much higher compared to developing a middleware application. However the advantages of using objective oriented paradigm overwhelms these drawbacks with its enormous sanguine features and functionalities. The amount of effort involved in system transitions though high, is only a one time process. Once the existing models are transformed to object oriented models, the maintenance of the system become much easier and the resources involved for further enhancements would be reduced to a very great extent. Thus the end output of above process using Object Oriented approach would be a most reliable so ftware application which runs on low ware/maintenance cost. 2. ... In object oriented approach, each of these entities are treated as objects as shown in below figure (fig 1). The objects communicate with each other by sending and receiving messages to perform the required task. Fig 1 Object oriented approach in banking application The structure of the entity in terms of all the functions (methods) and the data (inputs and outputs) involved for an object are defined in separate modules called Class. For example, in the above diagram, the data involved for the customer object would be customer id, customer name, customer address, customer contact number, customer email, etcetera The functions involved would be to add customer data, get customer data, update customer data, etc. The bundle of all these data in the form of variables/data fields and all these functions in terms of methods are defined as a templet/structure in a module (a piece of code stored separately) called Class (name it CUSTOMER). Similarly, the data fields involved for the business relationship object would be customer id, account number, PIN number, user id, password, account balance, interest etc and functions would be add account, verify account, get account info, get balance, set balance, etc. The data structure for this is stored in another split up named ACCOUNT. The same procedure is followed for all the objects that are involved in the requirement. Thus the above figure is updated with the data fields and methods for each class as shown below (fig 2). This diagram/graphical representation of class in terms of data fields and methods is called Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagram. Though thither are many data/methods involved in real scenario for each object, only few are shown in figure as example. Fig 2 UML diagram showing class definition for each Object Thus, in the

Women's Health. Health Care Disparity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Womens Health. Health Care Disparity - Essay ExampleHealth alimony disparities exist in twain public and private sectors. Various kinds of socio-economic factors contri only ife to the existence of health care disparities like inadequate access to care to some group of people, poor quality of care to some individuals, etc. Community features and behaviors at personal level also contribute to these disparities. It is generally found that people who belong to ethnic or racial minority groups, or individuals with mental or physical impairment or disabilities, or women may face health care disparities. Very often healthcare disparities exist between rural and urban areas. (Mead, 2008) Part B) Explain why some women (in general) may face barriers to health care. Of course, over the decades significant progress clear been made in womens health. However, still health status of women on average is not as good as of men. Not only that, but healthcare disparities exists among women as well. Different sub-groups of women get different types of access to care and quality of care also varies across different subgroups of women. (Mead, 2008) There are a number of reason for which some women face healthcare disparities compared to men and other groups of women as well.

Retail Inter-Disciplinary Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Retail Inter-Disciplinary De concentrate - Essay ExampleThus the retail specific solutions have become very requisite to create a competitive edge over its rival players. The two major components that practice of a retials business tore must focus atomic number 18 design of interiors and establishing a favor fit environment for effective the visual communication (Retail Systems, n.d.) Thus a good retail unit must be able to create the synergy between technologies and solutions used in creation of functional space for the business and the business operations. Thus such units would be able to progress to optimal delivery of consumer service and increased margins in the business. Some of the specific interventions in the retail system designs are (i) Reliable and secure systems based on efficient automated systems and (ii) Solutions that are environmentally friendly and cost effective operations (Salvador, et al. , 2006).Every retail store need to address different aspects of design issues ranging from systems that ensure customer retention to the mechanisms that could effectively monitor the shop lifting. The most basic aspect in the maintaining a memorable shopping experience to the customers is by keeping the store and its surroundings neat and clean. Though it is the least expensive method in attracting and retaining the customers , it is found to be the most difficult thing to be undertaken. The ten most important parameters that need special attention are as followsAvoiding dirty bathrooms Whether the bathrooms and restrooms in the retail stores are to general public or not it must be a mandatory procedure to keep these facilities neat and clean. Untidy Dressing RoomsThe dressing rooms need to be given appropriate attention to keep the unattended or discarded articles like, hangers, tags or empty packs etc. away. This place need to be closely monitored particularly after the customers have used the room. Music turning very loud. Music could create a po sitive mood during the shopping period. But very loud music could generate a negative impact and could even force the customers to have an early exit from the store. Improper signs and display boardThe display boards and sign if lay improperly or in illegible manner would cause ambiguity in the minds of the customers. These display items must be professionally designed and placed in such way to make the shopping activity more simple, effortless and enjoyable. Stained and slippery floors.The shopping activities too at times track to severe accidents. If the floors are not kept tidy or if have any stains on them could lead to some accidents. The regular cleaning of the floor by sweeping, vacuum cleaning or mopping need to be regularly carried kayoed. The stains portions of the floors, ceiling or any directly visible portions must be instantly attended and necessary action for its removal need to be carried out. Poor lighting facility Ensuring proper illumination is one of the mos t essential indispensability in ant retail store. Only good illumination could help to make the shopping process less stressful. Thus any burned out lights shall be replaced immediately and illumination shall be maintain.Presence of Offensive Odors Even though some familiar smell of fertilizers used in the indoor gardens

Risk and resilience Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Risk and resiliency - Assignment ExampleChildhood resilience is, therefore, the phenomenon of positive adaptation disdain significant lifes adversities.The topic of risk and resilience in children is important and should be understood by people of all lifestyles. This is because it is a menace affecting children and adolescents in India, China, United States, Malawi, South Asian Countries, sub-Sahara countries of Africa among others. near of these risks argon unavoidable because they are unpredictable such as death of parents/guardian, forced migration and armed conflicts (Boyden and Mann 3). Although some of them are for a good course, for example, parents migrating with or without their families in search of greener pastures. It behooves such parents to explain in depth their reason for migration, so that their children can understand their parents perspective and so that they can adapt to the situation easily. Additionally, parents and quondam(a) individuals should try to tal k to children about real life in order for them to strike a balance between their imagination, the elders experience and real life situations when they are faced with challenges now or even in the future.Children who have had good interactive conversations, relationships and understanding with older people are able to adapt despite lifes adversities. This is because, they have been able to relate to the experiences of others and they are able to hope for a better tomorrow despite their current situations. In some instances, children and adolescents who have large up in the streets and/or in the settlement schemes/slums, those who have lost their parents and/their guardians and those who have had bitter experiences such as war are able to adapt positively although some might suffer greatly from posttraumatic stress disorder. The disorder might be long term, but others get over it and lead a normal life. Therefore,

Marketing Take-home Exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Marketing Take-home Exam - Essay ExampleInformation To conduct accurate and relevant food merchandising research, marketing intelligence plays a real crucial role by providing the necessary information. However, McDonald must determine what information it needs. There ar two major questions relating to the sources of information i.e. (1) What are the privileged information sources? and (2) what are the external information sources? External sources of information must include necessary data relating to the call competitors and target consumers. McDonalds must nettle the relevant published sources to analysis the key strengths, weaknesses and market share of the competitors. This external information must indicate the recent developments taken place in the market and among the competitors. Consumers changing behavior also needs to be identified using the external information. On the other hand, intragroup sources of information are also very crucial. However, obtaining such inf ormation is an easy task for McDonalds as it needs coordination with cross-functional departments. Hence, McDonalds must carry out data-base analysis to understand the up-sale and cross-sale opportunities and to identify the potential consumers. Communication Primary difference between market intelligence and marketing research is the basic intercourseal process. In market intelligence, there is better communication between the decision makers and market intelligence analysts. On the other hand, communication is necessary for gathering and disseminating external and internal information. However, in market intelligence, the two closely important questions relating to communication are how to develop better communication for gathering information? and how to develop communication for decision making? For gathering external and internal information, better communication is necessary. McDonalds must implement IT bodys like RFID and SAP for developing interference-free data gatherin g. It helps to build a flawless and continuous communication system (Koster and Munoz, 2009, p.358). For better decision making process, using the market intelligence process two-way communication is an in effect(p) method. To develop two-way communication, McDonalds must cerebrate on better cross-functional communication and superior interaction level with the employees and management. Integrated marketing communication (IMC) is the most suitable approach as IMC helps to build an effective internal and external communications. People and Processes Managing the people and processes are challenging tasks for producing accurate and relevant outcome from market intelligence process. The first criterion in marketing research is to identify and develop research question. Once this task is over, McDonald must synchronize and manage the entire process. Two primary questions in this area are how to involve relevant people in marketing intelligence process? and how to develop effective and accurate process? McDonalds must identify key employees to involve them in market intelligence process. Motivation and transparency are the two vital factors in this process. McDonald

Contact zone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Contact partition - Essay ExampleIt happened that I befriended a twist guide who promised to take me deep into the communal areas to meet people and learn their culture nighday before returning home. The problem was that on arriving in the uncouth area, I was embarrassed by having many people from the residential district following us and make some funny jokes about my dressing that was very unalike from theirs. In summers, am utilize to wearing light clothing that expose most of the body to enjoy the sun bath and the freshness of the weather in my destinations. However, the community I visited was a conservative one that adorned in clothes that covered almost the entire body. I could clearly tell they were making fun of my clothing. When having lunch, as I liked having new delicacies from native communities, the type of food that was served was very different to what I was used to. From that time, I could read some negative reactions from the people I had visited and even th e person I head befriended was involved in some jokes that made fun of me. Considering am non used to working in the garden, I made an ugly scene trying to learn farming using animals to plough. The reaction in the entire contact with the community was that I was a fool who did not know the best things to eat and one that could not work. From the interpretations that I got, I learned that the locals were remarking that people of my type were a lazy lot who could not do any physical activity or wear decent clothing to cover the body. From the experience, a contact zone is influenced by the extent of adherence to imprints and determine in a community and the degree to which such a community recognizes and embraces defying cultures. The community in question was a conservative one that followed strict codes of behaviour and values. Anyone who failed to abide by these values was a laughing stock and an outcast not welcome in the community. Pratt (37) suggested that a person surrounde d and living in a particular culture will develop a strong belief that their culture is much reveal than other cultures out there, and will look down upon anyone practicing a different culture. This influence was manifested in the community above. Most of the indigenous people do not travel but live in strong communal ties separated into several clans, with each clan having a strict code of values and behaviours to follow. As a result, anyone with different behaviours or values was an intruder whose behaviour had to be ignored with a disgusting attitude. Concerning the dressing code, the community had a strong belief that wearing exposing clothing was a taboo that an adult was not supposed to be indulged in. A pair of summer shorts and a small indue was not considered decent clothing, and from the observation, there was a sense of disgust especially from the elders. Communities are differentiated not by their genuineness, nevertheless by the stylishness in which such communities a re imagined (Pratt 37). Judging from the entire reception and treatment while in the community, it was evident that the community had a perception and belief that I lacked values and discipline. The fact that I could not participate in farm activities effectively or other strenuous physical activities such as using animals in the farm suggested I was lazy compared to their fellow communal members. The main problem was that the community lacked any insight regarding westward communities or life and cultures in the western world,

Gideon v. Wainwright Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gideon v. Wainwright - Assignment ExampleThis holding was informed by the rationale that it is common sense that lawyers form an integral part in the due process as they ensure that defendants get fair trial, which is not only criminal justice systems objective but in like manner constitutional requirement. The holding was also informed by the following precedents Powell v Alabama Smith v OGrady, and Grosjean v American Press Co (Perry 46).The fourteenth Amendment imposes the obligation upon the States to appoint counsel for poor defendants. Since the defendants constitutional rights should be upheld at all times, defendants should have the right to have assistance of counsel for their defense. The 14th Amendment is very categorical that no State shall enforce any law which shall violate the immunities of the United States citizens nor deny any person within their specific jurisdiction the equal protection as required by the law (Perry 11). Therefore, Gideon should have been entitl ed to defense counsel in the trial

The Role of the Hospitality Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Role of the Hospitality Manager - Essay ExampleHence the managers of the hotel or resort postulate to ensure that proper customer services are provided for the long term success of the hotel or resort (Nasution and Mavondo, 2008). In order to understand the disparity of some(prenominal) roles in the professional context, it is signifi crumbt to know about their basic roles. A attracter is an influential personality who is capable to inspire people to follow his footsteps. A leader has a higher degree of convincing and persuasive qualities, which can make people act accordingly (O?Gorman, 2008). The leader has the power and potential to regularise large masses if the right leadership qualties are demonstarted. The leaders are of different types and if the audience is convinced, the leader can bring about major chnages in the area of operations. Leadership is about establishing a concrete and clear vision, sharing your viewpoint with others and your co-workers so that they foll ow your outlook willingly. A leader can fill the problems and the goals that others usually dont focus on or may be no one else wants to tackle. Its only the leader that pays attention to the difficulties and fair game with single minded determination (Academia21, 2010). Leaders may devise out of the box solutions duw to their creativeness in working around problems and this ability may non be possessed by others. Leadership also involves the coordination and balancing of the different interests of all the co-workers and stakeholders. The stakeholders and shareholders of the business are important entities that need tobe given careful love as their interest in the success and profitability of the business should be intact so that desired results can be obtained. This challenging task can be successfully carried out by the leader. A leader is supposed to provide information, knowledge and ways to actualise the vision that he carries along. This vision ineluctably to be clear, co nsistent and without any biasness or doubt so that all the organisation staff and the shareholders of the firm know the main aim of the organisations operations. Leadership is necessitated in times of crisis and it is very crucial when creativity is required to deal with the situation (Bit Rebels, 2013). As far as relation of management and leadership is concerned they twain go hand in hand. It would not be wrong to call both of the roles as two sides of the same coin. Although they are not the same only when they go together. Many of the times they are considered the same thing. One is incomplete without the other. A manager is supposed to plan, organise and coordinate whereas a leader is in that location to inspire and motivate. A manager needs to demonstrate consistency and discipline while conducting all the tasks. The manager needs to ensure that all employees are do their job roles in a systematic mode and following the right direction of achieving the goals. A leader does not require any managerial face whereas a manager can be a true manager even if he has the leadership qualities in him (Tepeci and Bartlett, 2002). A leader is diverted more towrads the influential part rather than gaining a position in the organisation. To make it concise, some points describing a leader and manager are mentioned below Manager maintains, the leader develops and initiates. Manager pays attention on work procedures, the leader focuses on employees. Manager imitates,

Apush Outline Essay Example for Free

Apush Outline EssayThe Bonds of Empire, 1660-1750 o Rebellion and War, 1660-1713 ? Before Restoration (1660), England made flyspeck attempt to weld colonies ? Royal Centralization, 1660-1688 Restoration monarchs disliked representative government Charles II rarely called fan tan into session after 1674, and none after 1681 throng II wanted to rule as absolute monarch o Meant he would never face an elected legislation These 2 kings had little intellect for Am.RI, and Plymouth into Dominion of smart Eng. o 1688= NY and the Jerseys came in o Sir Edmund Andros became governor of Dominion of New Eng. ? The Glorious Revolution in England and America, 1688-1689 Charles II converted to Catholicism on deathbed Eng. olerated James conversion to Catholicism b/c his heirs (Mary and Anne) were Anglican Bloodless revolution of 1688=Glorious revolution o Created limited monarchy in Eng. ? Promised to summon parliament once a yr. , sign all its bills, and respect traditional civil li berties o William and Mary (now king and queen of eng. after they overthrew James) dismantled Dominion of New Eng. o NY rebelled with Leislers Rebellion ?The Enlightenment In 1750 the Enlightenments greatest contri besidesions to Am. life still lay in the future. A quarter-century later, Anglo-Am. drew on the enlightenments revolutionary ideas as they declared their independence from Britain and created the foundations of a new nation It was an age of optimism, tempered by the realistic recognition of the worrisome state of the human condition and the need for major reforms.The Enlightenment was less a set of ideas than it was a set of attitudes. At its core was a comminuted questioning of traditional institutions, customs, and morals. ? The Great Awakening In New England, the Great Awakening was powerful among many Congregationalists In the Middle and Southern colonies, the Awakening was influential among Presbyterians and other dissenting Protestants. A time of increased r eligious activity. The revival began with Jonathan Edwards, a well-educated theologian and Congregationalist minister from Northampton, Massachusetts, who came from Puritan and Calvinist roots, but emphasized the importance and power of immediate, personal religious experience. Edwards sermons were powerful and attracted a large following. o Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, is his most famous sermon. The Wesleyan preacher George Whitefield, visiting from England, continued the movement, traveling across the colonies and preaching in a more dramatic and emotional style, accepting everyone into his audiences.

Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria Essay Example for Free

Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria EssayThis development was heralded as an avenue to usher in pop stability and broad(a) governance. However, contrary to widespread expectations, the post-military regime became an avenue for the explosion of violent ethno- spectral conflicts in Nigeria. As a matter of fact, since the emergence of democracy in whitethorn 1999, not less than one hundred cultural every(prenominal)(prenominal)y and religiously instigated conflicts have occurred in Nigeria which conduceed in issue of lives and unquantifiable material and psychological damage.Drawing from documentary research and findings, this paper probes the persistent spate of ethno-religious crises in Nigeria and its harmful implications on democratic consolidation in Nigeria. It investigates the history, causes and manifestations of ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria and maintains that unbrid lead lust for power, taintedion, religious intolerance and the failure of the government to d eliver democratic dividends, have resulted in these conflicts between pagan and religious groups in the verdant.In the light of all these then, can democracy thrive in an atmosphere of crises? Can Nigeria come out of ethno-religious conflicts? If so, what steps can the government take to decree in the menace of these crises? Finally, the paper provides submissions for curbing this affable epidemic, which has become a permanent feature of the Nigerian social polity. Keywords Nigeria, Ethno-religious, Crises, Democracy, Development Introduction Democracy could be said to be a analysed when you sow bountifully, you reap bountifully.Thus, one of the dividends of democracy, which Nigerians have reaped in abundance since the transfer of power from the military to the civilians on May 29, 1999, is the rising wave of ethno-religious conflicts with devastating and untold consequences on lives and property (Jega, 2007 116). Nigeria is a very populous nation in Africa with diverse cultura l heritage. In fact, the country has a population of over 140 million and over 400 ethnic groups belonging to different religious sects as well (Salawu, 2010 345).Since the attainment of independence, Nigeria has remained a multi-ethnic nation, which has been grappling with the problem of ethnicity on the one hand and that of ethno-religious conflicts on the other hand. At the inception of independence, for administrative expediency the various ethnic factions were amalgamate and merged together by the colonialists. Then, the colonial masters left and things started falling apart, the center no longer held.No ethnic group desired to see the other. Little wonder then that the former Secretary of State at the British Colonial Office (1952-1959), Sir Peter Smitters regretted the action taken by the British to merge diverse ethnic groups into one in Nigeria. According to Ali (2004) cited in Adebayo (2010 214), he was reported to have lamented that it was extremely dangerous to force di verse radical and social entities into single rigid political structure.However, that assertment was medicine by and by death the deed had been done. Indeed, a conglomerate of al around four hundred ethnic groups, each having its distinct history, language, tillage and political systems before the colonial rule, all preserved in mitigated forms with the British system of governance super-imposed and named Nigeria really had future tense implications for unity.The colonial administration, for administrative convenience, compressed and merged the various ethnic groups in their respective regions, making Hausa/Fulani, Igbo, and Yoruba the major ethnic groups and reinforced the three political/administrative divisions the north, the east, and the west, under appropriate constitutional arrangement. At independence and post independence era, the status-quo of the colonial era was retained under that infantile freedom, with every group retaining its tradition, language, and culture w hile sharing the common central institutions in a federal arrangement (Adebayo, 2010 214).As a result, these major ethnic groups, because of their opportunistic positions were seen as systematically dominating the political and economic scene before and after the attainment of independence in 1960 and this led to agitations for state creation by the other kid ethnic groups who saw themselves as the marginalized groups. However, the ofttimes states were created, the more the complaints of marginalization and inequality by the new minorities against the new majorities in each state (Abdullahi and Saka, 2007).Consequently, the proliferation of ethno-religious and political uplift in the country is therefore necessitated on the one hand by cultural, common and religious differences and on the other hand by fear of control nursed by the minority groups. As if what constitutes the federalism is not satisfied, there have been agitations for reversing back to the old regional autonom y of the different groups for the purpose of determining the one thousand of their development and control of their respective resources.These pernicious phenomena of ethnicity and religious intolerance led to the incessant surge of ethno-religious conflicts, which gave birth to the many ethnic militias today like the Odua Peoples Congress (OPC) put in place by the Yoruba in the south-western part of the country to fight for the protection and defence of Yoruba in Nigeria the effect for the Actualization of the Sovereign State of Biafra (MASSOB), fighting for the cessation of the Igbo ethnic tribe in Nigeria the Bakassi Boys the Egbesu Boys the Ijaw Youth Congress (IYC), the Igbo Peoples congress (IPC) the Arewa People Congress (APC) and the Ohaneze Ndigbo among others.This might in all probability be the feeling of Elaigwu (2005 12) when he writes the violent protests in the Niger-Delta over perceived injustice in resource distribution the Itsekiri-Ijaw violence in the Delta the resumption of the Ife-Modakeke communal violence the menace of Odua Peoples Congress (OPC) and the accompanying violence in Lagos and Shagamu areas the formation of the Arewa Peoples Congress (APC) and the Igbo Peoples Congress (IPC) the MASSOB feeble attempt to resuscitate Biafra the Sharia crisis and the demands for a confederation the South-South demand for the control of its resources and all the recent interethnic/religious conflicts in various states across the country are all part of the bubbles of the Nigerian federation.They are based on the historical structures of mutual fears and suspicions among Nigerian groups in a competitive process. They reflect dissatisfaction of Nigerian groups with the state of the federation. With the emergence of all these ethnic militias and the sound divide between the various ethnic groups, religious intolerance became more violent and bloody with more devastating results using the ethnic militias as the writ of execution platforms of et hno-religious agenda. Federalism thought to be an approach to national unity, resulted to anarchy in the country.A number of steps were taken to at least mend the disunity and disarray common then and promote unity among the various ethnic groups. These included the establishment of federal institutions in some states of the federation, promotion of national cultural and sporting activities, and, more significantly, the National Youth Service Programme (NYSC), just to mention a few (Adebayo, 2010). Although these steps yielded pockets of successes in achieving national unity, the unholy marriage of convenience of the ethnic groups still begs for irrevocable divorce. While the ethnic rivalry held sway, religious pluralism, which culminated in many crises, shook the country to its very roots.The pernicious effect of this trend is not entirely surprising given the fact that piety is so sensitive to Nigerians that many are not only ready to defend it at all costs, but are ready to die for it. Hence, religious pluralism which resulted in religious intolerance was fused with ethnic rivalry, producing the recurrent spate of ethno-religious crises. And because of the violent nature of ethno-religious conflicts, which oft take the form of riots, sabotage, assassinations, lynching and maiming, kidnappings, armed struggles, guerilla warfare and secession in Nigeria, they undoubtedly pose dangerous threats to democracy in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.Yes, as Jega (2007 116) truthfully stated, the genetically engineered seeds of democracy planted by our colonial masters and further successive military regimes have grown to mature crops for harvest. sooner of democracy yielding peace, stability and security to lives and property, it seems to have yielded a return, full circle spate of ethno-religious conflicts and violent eruptions. Thus, the discussion of ethno-religious conflicts in whatever context becomes all the more necessary given the fact that there is a phenom enal recurrence of these conflicts around the nation thereby increasing its threat level to democratic consolidation in Nigeria.It is against this backdrop that this paper attempts to probe the history, manifestations and implications of ethno-religious crises in Nigeria since the dawn of democratic dispensation. Causes of Ethno-Religious Crises in Nigeria According to Awolowo (1990 35), the notion of Nigeria as a mere geographical expression was engendered by the forceful packaging by colonial authoritarian fiat of unwilling communities of diverse origin and culture under the same polity. Consequently, relations and political behavior of the pecks are characterized by mutual suspicion and invidious hatred since they are strange bed-fellows, who were only coerced into the nation-state via amalgamation. Until 1960, Nigeria was a British colony.Like most colonies, it was not constructed for internal coherence, but rather for the administrative convenience of the British (Shively, 19 97 39). Over 400 different languages and dialects are spoken within its borders, and there is overly an important religious split, as the north is primarily Muslim and the south is predominantly Christian, making her not only at ethno-religious crossroads but withal at linguistic crossroads. As diverse as these ethnic groups are, they are also not accommodative of each others religion and professions of faith. This state of intolerance has added up to fuel the spate of crises in Nigeria. It should be noted that religion has always been the platform for frontal expressions of ethnic aggressions and conflict.Hence, ethnocentric politics, sectional solidarity and early interests became prominent features in the nations political practice. Sectional and individual virtues and interest rather than collective virtues and national unity are advanced and exalted. Thus, communal orientation precluded any attachment to the state and the syndrome of the son of the soil took preference over merit and competence in the choice of policies and leaders. Although as Obasanjo and Mabogunje (1992 4) aptly observed, colonialism provided support of holding the different communities together, not much change was achieved in altering communal mentality and predilection.Nonetheless, the persistent military incursion into government and politics did much harm for the body polity as national issues was mostly tribalized and primordial virtues extolled. These regimes had primordial outlook and sub-national mentality under which the northern part of the country was favoured brazenly, on one hand, and the southern part was deliberately dealt with in terms of appointments, contracts, location of government establishments, political oppression and repression as well as provision of social services and infrastructures. As a result, ethnic sectarianism has left a trail of destructive violence and even threatened the territorial integrity of Nigeria (International shew for Democracy and E lectoral Assistance, 2001).Indeed, after long historic period of authoritarian rule, when the military clique and their civilian collaborators privatized the Nigerian state (Ukiwo, 2003), politicians in the emergent Fourth state were all too anxious to claim control of the state and its oil wealth as well. This thus led to an unbridled competition for political relevance and spheres of interests among politicians, especially in the context of the division of the country into geopolitical zones, states and local governments and the fact that distribution of benefits among the political class depended on the ability of each genus Phallus of the ruling class to deliver his constituency.This lust for power has led to the neglect of the needs of the masses and the demand for peaceful co-existence. Instead, the rulers continue to enrich their pockets through corrupt dirty means and seek for elongation of tenures for self-centered gains. In the circumstance, ethnicity, religion and ot her sectarian identities are exploited, resulting in avoidable violent conflicts among component units of the country. The application of mass poverty and increasing income inequality, largely as a result of the transformation of the fortunes of politicians and their allies from jobless neighbors to emergency billionaires in less than two years after capturing power, have deepened popular alienation. It has also called into question the legitimacy since 1999.Consequently, some of the easiest things to do in contemporary Nigeria are to mobilize an assassin, vigilante, ethnic-cum-religious militia, rioter, crowd or rented pro-government demonstrator. The result could only be imagined. The power lust of the political cliche is one of the perceived causes of ethno-religious crises in Nigeria. Another reason responsible for ethno-religious crises in Nigeria is the wrong translation by those who claim authority to the understanding of the holy books. If not so, one wonders why people ac t contrary to the teaching of the holy books (whether the Quran or the Bible) in matters pertaining to peaceful co-existence, unity and sanctity of life, and property.As it is a serious disease for someone who does not have a full grasp of the rendering of any of the holy books to claim authority to knowledge, many of the so called religious leaders use their shallow knowledge to put up interpretations to suit their selfish ends banking on the ignorance of their followers. Lamenting on the wide gap between the teaching and practice of religion among its adherents, Adebayo (2003) cited in Adebayo (2010 219) identified some factors responsible for using religion as instrument of polarization, among which is leadership tussle, which also culminated in the proliferation of many denominations in the country.Also, sectarian jingoism, as well as excessive patriotism to ones religious sect, which consequently transformed to fanaticism, is another major factor contributing to this social me nace. Salawu (2010) also noted that the failure of the Nigerian leaders to establish good governments, forge national integration and promote what can be called real economic progress, through deliberate and articulated policies, has led to mass poverty and unemployment. This has resulted into communal, ethnic, religious and class conflicts that have now characterized the Nigerian nation. Poverty and unemployment have therefore served as nursery bed for many ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria because the country now has a reservoir of poor people who warmongers as mercenary fighters.What this means theoretically is that poverty and unemployment increase the number of people who are prepared to kill or be killed for a given course at token benefit. This explains why all ethno-religious crises that ever occurred in Nigeria have a large turnout of people (including the under-aged) as fighters. Lastly and very importantly, and not the least, the ethno-religious conflicts in Nigeria al so have some historical antecedent (Salawu, 2010). This is because many governmental actions during the colonial rule and after independence encouraged, to a large extent, the sowing of the seeds of ethno-religious conflicts that are found to be rampant in the Nigerian nation today.Over the years, many events in Nigeria have led to the politicization of mistrust, intolerance, violence and acrimonious relations between the mainly Moslem north and the Christian south of Nigeria. To this extent, there has been an unfortunate insertion of ethno-religious discrimination and incompatibility in the structures of the Nigerian State since the colonial period. The political events of the January 15, 1966 coup and the July 1966 counter-coup further entrenched ethno-religious configuration in Nigeria. This is because the killings and counter-killing that followed the coups which took ethnic and religious colorations as the Muslim dominated tribes in the north were set against the Christian-domi nated tribes of the southern region.